A guest post by Beth Kelly
"The issue with existing batteries is that they suck. They're really horrible." Elon Musk chuckled to himself and flashed the crowd a sly grin before proceeding with his announcement.
It was April 30, 2015.
The PowerWall is a lithium-ion battery. A big one. It is hip, white, shiny and sold in two versions: a $3,000 7-kilowatt battery for daily use and a $3,500 10-kilowatt battery for backup power. Both weigh about 220 pounds and come with a 10-year warranty.
According to Musk and the Tesla Press Kit, the PowerWall is practically one-of-a-kind. Here's how it works:
- Its betrothed partner is a rooftop photovoltaic solar system. During the day, an included charge controller feeds the battery with excess solar power, and at night, the battery returns the favor.
- The PowerWall can also function as a backup battery to survive the inevitable winter storm grid blackouts.
- Customers dependent on the grid can charge the battery at night, when rates are low, and discharge the battery during the day, when rates are high.
- Multiple batteries can be wired in parallel to increase storage capacity.
Musk mentioned all this and more that day at the Hawthorne Design Center. Clad in a casual blazer and dark slacks, he clicked and grinned his way through a keynote PowerPoint address and a simple message: If the world doesn't want to wind up in the way of Mad Max: Fury Road, humanity must transition from combustible fossil fuels to renewable energy sources.
Many critics called his presentation unpolished and off-the-cuff. To others, his halting speech and gratuitous hyperboles came across as humble, straightforward. If Musk says his $3,500 battery can change the world, then it had better start a-changing'. And if Musk says all other batteries are "stinky, ugly, bad in every way?" then who is to say otherwise?
SolarCity would.
SolarCity is a co-venture of Elon Musk and his cousin, Lyndon Rive. The company installs and finances rooftop solar systems nationwide and, despite its close ties to Musk and Tesla, has opted not to offer the 7-kilowatt daily-cycle PowerWall battery because it doesn't make financial sense.
Under current laws, most solar-powered homeowners can sell excess energy back to the grid under net metering regulations. Why pay $3,500 for a battery to store energy when you can simply sell it back to Uncle Sam?
So SolarCity only offers the 10-kilowatt PowerWall, the one designed for backup power. Yet SolarCity spokesman Jonathan Bass says the 10-kilowatt PowerWall, which is optimized for 50 charge cycles per year, can supply only two kilowatts of continuous power. In other words, you can't run a hair dryer and air conditioner simultaneously.
One more kicker: Tom Randall of Bloomberg News noted that whereas one could purchase a 16-kilowatt gasoline generator from Home Depot for $3,700, a similarly sized array of Tesla PowerWall batteries would cost $45,000 for a nine-year lease from SolarCity. An outright purchase of a single battery system, inverter, installation and all, would cost $7,140 from the same provider.
With the numbers so gray, how is the Tesla PowerWall supposed to change the world?
Through faith.
Just seven days after the April 30 product reveal, Tesla stated in its first-quarter earnings call that all PowerWall products were sold out until mid-2016. More than 38,000 reservations had poured in from hungry early adopters. The response had been "crazy off the hook," said Musk.
But what is revolutionary is that, for the first time, Average Joes and not just doomsday preppers are thinking about home energy storage. People are opening their wallets not to save money but to save the earth. It is not the PowerWall – nor its creator – but its 38,000 customers who are the true revolutionaries.
As customers grow, the costs of ownership will decline. Cleantechnica says that if those costs drop far enough, and if enough homeowners invest in renewable energy generation and storage, then the very nature of the electric grid will change. Accord to Columbia Gas, utility companies will no longer be able to simply charge per kilowatt but will evolve into service providers, intelligently directing power where it is needed most. There will be no more wasteful "peaker plants." No more triple-digit utility rate hikes. No more verdant mountaintops sacrificed to the god of coal.
Maybe, just maybe, it could fundamentally change the way we use energy.
About the author:
Beth Kelly is a freelance writer and blogger based in Chicago, IL. A graduate of DePaul University, she’s passionate about covering the in clean tech and other innovations driving the renewable energy movement forward. She is a strong advocate of the “maker movement” and green, self-sufficient living. You can find her on Twitter @bkelly_88
